robot_state_test.cpp

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/* Author: Ioan Sucan */
#include <moveit/robot_model/robot_model.h>
#include <moveit/robot_state/robot_state.h>
#include <moveit/utils/robot_model_test_utils.h>
#include <urdf_parser/urdf_parser.h>
#include <tf2_geometry_msgs/tf2_geometry_msgs.hpp>
#include <gtest/gtest.h>
#include <sstream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <ctype.h>
 
namespace
{
constexpr double EPSILON{ 1.e-9 };
 
// Helper to create an Eigen::VectorXd from an initializer list, e.g.:
//  auto vector = makeVector({1.0, 2.0, 3.0});
Eigen::VectorXd makeVector(const std::vector<double>& values)
{
  Eigen::VectorXd vector = Eigen::VectorXd::Zero(values.size());
  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < values.size(); i++)
  {
    vector[i] = values[i];
  }
  return vector;
}
 
// Checks the validity of state.getJacobian() at the given 'joint_values' and 'joint_velocities'.
void checkJacobian(moveit::core::RobotState& state, const moveit::core::JointModelGroup& joint_model_group,
                   const Eigen::VectorXd& joint_values, const Eigen::VectorXd& joint_velocities)
{
  // Using the Jacobian, compute the Cartesian velocity vector at which the end-effector would move, with the given
  // joint velocities.
  state.setToDefaultValues();
  state.setJointGroupPositions(&joint_model_group, joint_values);
  state.updateLinkTransforms();
 
  const moveit::core::JointModel* root_joint_model = joint_model_group.getJointModels().front();
  const moveit::core::LinkModel* root_link_model = root_joint_model->getParentLinkModel();
  const Eigen::Isometry3d root_pose_world = state.getGlobalLinkTransform(root_link_model).inverse();
 
  const Eigen::Isometry3d tip_pose_initial =
      root_pose_world * state.getGlobalLinkTransform(joint_model_group.getLinkModels().back());
  const Eigen::MatrixXd jacobian = state.getJacobian(&joint_model_group);
  const Eigen::VectorXd cartesian_velocity = jacobian * joint_velocities;
 
  // Compute the instantaneous displacement that the end-effector would achieve if the given joint
  // velocities were applied for a small amount of time.
  constexpr double time_step = 1e-5;
  const Eigen::VectorXd delta_joint_angles = time_step * joint_velocities;
  state.setJointGroupPositions(&joint_model_group, joint_values + delta_joint_angles);
  state.updateLinkTransforms();
  const Eigen::Isometry3d tip_pose_after_delta =
      root_pose_world * state.getGlobalLinkTransform(joint_model_group.getLinkModels().back());
  const Eigen::Vector3d displacement = tip_pose_after_delta.translation() - tip_pose_initial.translation();
 
  // The Cartesian velocity vector obtained via the Jacobian should be aligned with the instantaneous robot motion, i.e.
  // the angle between the vectors should be close to zero.
  double angle = std::acos(displacement.dot(cartesian_velocity.head<3>()) /
                           (displacement.norm() * cartesian_velocity.head<3>().norm()));
  EXPECT_NEAR(angle, 0.0, 1e-05) << "Angle between Cartesian velocity and Cartesian displacement larger than expected. "
                                    "Angle: "
                                 << angle << ". displacement: " << displacement.transpose()
                                 << ". Cartesian velocity: " << cartesian_velocity.head<3>().transpose() << '\n';
}
}  // namespace
 
static void expect_near(const Eigen::MatrixXd& x, const Eigen::MatrixXd& y,
                        double eps = std::numeric_limits<double>::epsilon())
{
  ASSERT_EQ(x.rows(), y.rows());
  ASSERT_EQ(x.cols(), y.cols());
  for (int r = 0; r < x.rows(); ++r)
  {
    for (int c = 0; c < x.cols(); ++c)
      EXPECT_NEAR(x(r, c), y(r, c), eps) << "(r,c) = (" << r << ',' << c << ')';
  }
}
 
// clang-format off
#define EXPECT_NEAR_TRACED(...) {                 \
    SCOPED_TRACE("expect_near(" #__VA_ARGS__ ")"); \
    expect_near(__VA_ARGS__);                      \
}
// clang-format on
 
TEST(Loading, SimpleRobot)
{
  moveit::core::RobotModelBuilder builder("myrobot", "base_link");
  builder.addVirtualJoint("odom_combined", "base_link", "floating", "base_joint");
  ASSERT_TRUE(builder.isValid());
  moveit::core::RobotModelPtr model = builder.build();
  moveit::core::RobotState state(model);
 
  state.setToDefaultValues();
 
  // make sure that this copy constructor works
  moveit::core::RobotState new_state(state);
 
  EXPECT_EQ(new_state.getVariablePosition("base_joint/rot_w"), 1.0);
 
  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("myrobot"), model->getName());
  EXPECT_EQ(7u, new_state.getVariableCount());
 
  const std::vector<moveit::core::LinkModel*>& links = model->getLinkModels();
  EXPECT_EQ(1u, links.size());
 
  const std::vector<moveit::core::JointModel*>& joints = model->getJointModels();
  EXPECT_EQ(1u, joints.size());
 
  const std::vector<std::string>& pgroups = model->getJointModelGroupNames();
  EXPECT_EQ(0u, pgroups.size());
}
 
TEST(LoadingAndFK, SimpleRobot)
{
  moveit::core::RobotModelBuilder builder("myrobot", "base_link");
  geometry_msgs::msg::Pose pose;
  pose.position.x = -0.1;
  pose.position.y = 0;
  pose.position.z = 0;
 
  tf2::Quaternion q;
  q.setRPY(0, 0, -1);
  pose.orientation = tf2::toMsg(q);
  builder.addCollisionBox("base_link", { 1, 2, 1 }, pose);
  pose.position.x = 0;
  pose.position.y = 0;
  pose.position.z = 0;
  q.setRPY(0, 0, 0);
  pose.orientation = tf2::toMsg(q);
  builder.addVisualBox("base_link", { 1, 2, 1 }, pose);
  pose.position.x = 0;
  pose.position.y = 0.099;
  pose.position.z = 0;
  q.setRPY(0, 0, 0);
  pose.orientation = tf2::toMsg(q);
  builder.addInertial("base_link", 2.81, pose, 0.1, -0.2, 0.5, -0.09, 1, 0.101);
  builder.addVirtualJoint("odom_combined", "base_link", "planar", "base_joint");
  builder.addGroup({}, { "base_joint" }, "base");
 
  ASSERT_TRUE(builder.isValid());
  moveit::core::RobotModelPtr model = builder.build();
  moveit::core::RobotState state(model);
 
  EXPECT_EQ(3u, state.getVariableCount());
 
  state.setToDefaultValues();
 
  EXPECT_EQ(1u, static_cast<unsigned int>(model->getJointModelCount()));
  EXPECT_EQ(3u, static_cast<unsigned int>(model->getJointModels()[0]->getLocalVariableNames().size()));
 
  std::map<std::string, double> joint_values;
  joint_values["base_joint/x"] = 10.0;
  joint_values["base_joint/y"] = 8.0;
 
  // testing incomplete state
  std::vector<std::string> missing_states;
  state.setVariablePositions(joint_values, missing_states);
  ASSERT_EQ(missing_states.size(), 1u);
  EXPECT_EQ(missing_states[0], std::string("base_joint/theta"));
  joint_values["base_joint/theta"] = 0.1;
 
  state.setVariablePositions(joint_values, missing_states);
  ASSERT_EQ(missing_states.size(), 0u);
 
  EXPECT_NEAR_TRACED(state.getGlobalLinkTransform("base_link").translation(), Eigen::Vector3d(10, 8, 0));
 
  state.setVariableAcceleration("base_joint/x", 0.0);
 
  const auto new_state = std::make_unique<moveit::core::RobotState>(state);  // making sure that values get copied
  EXPECT_NEAR_TRACED(state.getGlobalLinkTransform("base_link").translation(), Eigen::Vector3d(10, 8, 0));
 
  std::vector<double> jv(state.getVariableCount(), 0.0);
  jv[state.getRobotModel()->getVariableIndex("base_joint/x")] = 5.0;
  jv[state.getRobotModel()->getVariableIndex("base_joint/y")] = 4.0;
  jv[state.getRobotModel()->getVariableIndex("base_joint/theta")] = 0.0;
 
  state.setVariablePositions(jv);
  EXPECT_NEAR_TRACED(state.getGlobalLinkTransform("base_link").translation(), Eigen::Vector3d(5, 4, 0));
}
 
class OneRobot : public testing::Test
{
protected:
  void SetUp() override
  {
    static const std::string MODEL2 = R"(
      <?xml version="1.0" ?>
      <robot name="one_robot">
      <link name="base_link">
        <inertial>
          <mass value="2.81"/>
          <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0.0 0.0 .0"/>
          <inertia ixx="0.1" ixy="-0.2" ixz="0.5" iyy="-.09" iyz="1" izz="0.101"/>
        </inertial>
        <collision name="my_collision">
          <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0 0 0"/>
          <geometry>
            <box size="1 2 1" />
          </geometry>
        </collision>
        <visual>
          <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0.0 0 0"/>
          <geometry>
            <box size="1 2 1" />
          </geometry>
        </visual>
      </link>
      <joint name="joint_a" type="continuous">
          <axis xyz="0 0 1"/>
          <parent link="base_link"/>
          <child link="link_a"/>
          <origin rpy=" 0.0 0 0 " xyz="0.0 0 0 "/>
      </joint>
      <link name="link_a">
        <inertial>
          <mass value="1.0"/>
          <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0.0 0.0 .0"/>
          <inertia ixx="0.1" ixy="-0.2" ixz="0.5" iyy="-.09" iyz="1" izz="0.101"/>
        </inertial>
        <collision>
          <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0 0 0"/>
          <geometry>
            <box size="1 2 1" />
          </geometry>
        </collision>
        <visual>
          <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0.0 0 0"/>
          <geometry>
            <box size="1 2 1" />
          </geometry>
        </visual>
      </link>
      <joint name="joint_b" type="fixed">
        <parent link="link_a"/>
        <child link="link_b"/>
        <origin rpy=" 0.0 -0.42 0 " xyz="0.0 0.5 0 "/>
      </joint>
      <link name="link_b">
        <inertial>
          <mass value="1.0"/>
          <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0.0 0.0 .0"/>
          <inertia ixx="0.1" ixy="-0.2" ixz="0.5" iyy="-.09" iyz="1" izz="0.101"/>
        </inertial>
        <collision>
          <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0 0 0"/>
          <geometry>
            <box size="1 2 1" />
          </geometry>
        </collision>
        <visual>
          <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0.0 0 0"/>
          <geometry>
            <box size="1 2 1" />
          </geometry>
        </visual>
      </link>
      <joint name="joint_c" type="prismatic">
        <axis xyz="1 0 0"/>
        <limit effort="100.0" lower="0.0" upper="0.09" velocity="0.2"/>
        <safety_controller k_position="20.0" k_velocity="500.0" soft_lower_limit="0.0"
    soft_upper_limit="0.089"/>
        <parent link="link_b"/>
        <child link="link_c"/>
        <origin rpy=" 0.0 0.42 0.0 " xyz="0.0 -0.1 0 "/>
      </joint>
      <link name="link_c">
        <inertial>
          <mass value="1.0"/>
          <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0.0 0 .0"/>
          <inertia ixx="0.1" ixy="-0.2" ixz="0.5" iyy="-.09" iyz="1" izz="0.101"/>
        </inertial>
        <collision>
          <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0 0 0"/>
          <geometry>
            <box size="1 2 1" />
          </geometry>
        </collision>
        <visual>
          <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0.0 0 0"/>
          <geometry>
            <box size="1 2 1" />
          </geometry>
        </visual>
      </link>
      <joint name="mim_f" type="prismatic">
        <axis xyz="1 0 0"/>
        <limit effort="100.0" lower="0.0" upper="0.19" velocity="0.2"/>
        <parent link="link_c"/>
        <child link="link_d"/>
        <origin rpy=" 0.0 0.0 0.0 " xyz="0.1 0.1 0 "/>
        <mimic joint="joint_f" multiplier="1.5" offset="0.1"/>
      </joint>
      <joint name="joint_f" type="prismatic">
        <axis xyz="1 0 0"/>
        <limit effort="100.0" lower="0.0" upper="0.19" velocity="0.2"/>
        <parent link="link_d"/>
        <child link="link_e"/>
        <origin rpy=" 0.0 0.0 0.0 " xyz="0.1 0.1 0 "/>
      </joint>
      <link name="link_d">
        <collision>
          <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0 0 0"/>
          <geometry>
            <box size="1 2 1" />
          </geometry>
        </collision>
        <visual>
          <origin rpy="0 1 0" xyz="0 0.1 0"/>
          <geometry>
            <box size="1 2 1" />
          </geometry>
        </visual>
      </link>
      <link name="link_e">
        <collision>
          <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0 0 0"/>
          <geometry>
            <box size="1 2 1" />
          </geometry>
        </collision>
        <visual>
          <origin rpy="0 1 0" xyz="0 0.1 0"/>
          <geometry>
            <box size="1 2 1" />
          </geometry>
        </visual>
      </link>
      </robot>
    )";
 
    static const std::string SMODEL2 = R"xml(
      <?xml version="1.0" ?>
      <robot name="one_robot">
        <virtual_joint name="base_joint" child_link="base_link" parent_frame="odom_combined" type="planar"/>
        <group name="base_from_joints">
          <joint name="base_joint"/>
          <joint name="joint_a"/>
          <joint name="joint_c"/>
        </group>
        <group name="mim_joints">
          <joint name="joint_f"/>
          <joint name="mim_f"/>
        </group>
        <group name="base_with_subgroups">
          <group name="base_from_base_to_tip"/>
            <joint name="joint_c"/>
          </group>
          <group name="base_from_base_to_tip">
            <chain base_link="base_link" tip_link="link_b"/>
            <joint name="base_joint"/>
          </group>
          <group name="base_from_base_to_e">
            <chain base_link="base_link" tip_link="link_e"/>
            <joint name="base_joint"/>
          </group>
          <group name="base_with_bad_subgroups">
            <group name="error"/>
        </group>
      </robot>
      )xml";
 
    urdf::ModelInterfaceSharedPtr urdf_model = urdf::parseURDF(MODEL2);
    auto srdf_model = std::make_shared<srdf::Model>();
    srdf_model->initString(*urdf_model, SMODEL2);
    robot_model_ = std::make_shared<moveit::core::RobotModel>(urdf_model, srdf_model);
  }
 
  void TearDown() override
  {
  }
 
protected:
  moveit::core::RobotModelConstPtr robot_model_;
};
 
TEST_F(OneRobot, setToDefaultValues)
{
  moveit::core::RobotState state(robot_model_);
  state.setToDefaultValues();
 
  // Get default values for joint_a.
  double joint_a_default_position = state.getVariablePosition("joint_a");
  double joint_a_default_velocity = state.getVariableVelocity("joint_a");
  double joint_a_default_acceleration = state.getVariableAcceleration("joint_a");
 
  // Set joint_a to some values.
  state.setVariablePosition("joint_a", 1.0);
  state.setVariableVelocity("joint_a", 2.0);
  state.setVariableAcceleration("joint_a", 3.0);
 
  // Check that joint_a has the right values.
  EXPECT_EQ(state.getVariablePosition("joint_a"), 1.0);
  EXPECT_EQ(state.getVariableVelocity("joint_a"), 2.0);
  EXPECT_EQ(state.getVariableAcceleration("joint_a"), 3.0);
 
  // Set to default values.
  // Check that joint_a is back to the default values.
  state.setToDefaultValues();
  EXPECT_EQ(state.getVariablePosition("joint_a"), joint_a_default_position);
  EXPECT_EQ(state.getVariableVelocity("joint_a"), joint_a_default_velocity);
  EXPECT_EQ(state.getVariableAcceleration("joint_a"), joint_a_default_acceleration);
}
 
TEST_F(OneRobot, FK)
{
  moveit::core::RobotModelConstPtr model = robot_model_;
 
  // testing that the two planning groups are the same
  const moveit::core::JointModelGroup* g_one = model->getJointModelGroup("base_from_joints");
  const moveit::core::JointModelGroup* g_two = model->getJointModelGroup("base_from_base_to_tip");
  const moveit::core::JointModelGroup* g_three = model->getJointModelGroup("base_with_subgroups");
  const moveit::core::JointModelGroup* g_four = model->getJointModelGroup("base_with_bad_subgroups");
  const moveit::core::JointModelGroup* g_mim = model->getJointModelGroup("mim_joints");
 
  ASSERT_TRUE(g_one != nullptr);
  ASSERT_TRUE(g_two != nullptr);
  ASSERT_TRUE(g_three != nullptr);
  ASSERT_TRUE(g_four == nullptr);
 
  // joint_b is a fixed joint, so no one should have it
  ASSERT_EQ(g_one->getJointModelNames().size(), 3u);
  ASSERT_EQ(g_two->getJointModelNames().size(), 3u);
  ASSERT_EQ(g_three->getJointModelNames().size(), 4u);
  ASSERT_EQ(g_mim->getJointModelNames().size(), 2u);
 
  // only the links in between the joints, and the children of the leafs
  ASSERT_EQ(g_one->getLinkModelNames().size(), 3u);
  // g_two only has three links
  ASSERT_EQ(g_two->getLinkModelNames().size(), 3u);
  ASSERT_EQ(g_three->getLinkModelNames().size(), 4u);
 
  std::vector<std::string> jmn = g_one->getJointModelNames();
  std::sort(jmn.begin(), jmn.end());
  EXPECT_EQ(jmn[0], "base_joint");
  EXPECT_EQ(jmn[1], "joint_a");
  EXPECT_EQ(jmn[2], "joint_c");
  jmn = g_two->getJointModelNames();
  std::sort(jmn.begin(), jmn.end());
  EXPECT_EQ(jmn[0], "base_joint");
  EXPECT_EQ(jmn[1], "joint_a");
  EXPECT_EQ(jmn[2], "joint_b");
  jmn = g_three->getJointModelNames();
  std::sort(jmn.begin(), jmn.end());
  EXPECT_EQ(jmn[0], "base_joint");
  EXPECT_EQ(jmn[1], "joint_a");
  EXPECT_EQ(jmn[2], "joint_b");
  EXPECT_EQ(jmn[3], "joint_c");
 
  // but they should have the same links to be updated
  ASSERT_EQ(g_one->getUpdatedLinkModels().size(), 6u);
  ASSERT_EQ(g_two->getUpdatedLinkModels().size(), 6u);
  ASSERT_EQ(g_three->getUpdatedLinkModels().size(), 6u);
 
  EXPECT_EQ(g_one->getUpdatedLinkModels()[0]->getName(), "base_link");
  EXPECT_EQ(g_one->getUpdatedLinkModels()[1]->getName(), "link_a");
  EXPECT_EQ(g_one->getUpdatedLinkModels()[2]->getName(), "link_b");
  EXPECT_EQ(g_one->getUpdatedLinkModels()[3]->getName(), "link_c");
 
  EXPECT_EQ(g_two->getUpdatedLinkModels()[0]->getName(), "base_link");
  EXPECT_EQ(g_two->getUpdatedLinkModels()[1]->getName(), "link_a");
  EXPECT_EQ(g_two->getUpdatedLinkModels()[2]->getName(), "link_b");
  EXPECT_EQ(g_two->getUpdatedLinkModels()[3]->getName(), "link_c");
 
  EXPECT_EQ(g_three->getUpdatedLinkModels()[0]->getName(), "base_link");
  EXPECT_EQ(g_three->getUpdatedLinkModels()[1]->getName(), "link_a");
  EXPECT_EQ(g_three->getUpdatedLinkModels()[2]->getName(), "link_b");
  EXPECT_EQ(g_three->getUpdatedLinkModels()[3]->getName(), "link_c");
 
  // bracketing so the state gets destroyed before we bring down the model
 
  moveit::core::RobotState state(model);
 
  EXPECT_EQ(7u, state.getVariableCount());
 
  state.setToDefaultValues();
 
  std::map<std::string, double> joint_values;
  joint_values["base_joint/x"] = 1.0;
  joint_values["base_joint/y"] = 1.0;
  joint_values["base_joint/theta"] = 0.5;
  joint_values["joint_a"] = -0.5;
  joint_values["joint_c"] = 0.08;
  state.setVariablePositions(joint_values);
 
  EXPECT_NEAR_TRACED(state.getGlobalLinkTransform("base_link").translation(), Eigen::Vector3d(1, 1, 0));
  EXPECT_NEAR(0.0, Eigen::Quaterniond(state.getGlobalLinkTransform("base_link").linear()).x(), 1e-5);
  EXPECT_NEAR(0.0, Eigen::Quaterniond(state.getGlobalLinkTransform("base_link").linear()).y(), 1e-5);
  EXPECT_NEAR(0.247404, Eigen::Quaterniond(state.getGlobalLinkTransform("base_link").linear()).z(), 1e-5);
  EXPECT_NEAR(0.968912, Eigen::Quaterniond(state.getGlobalLinkTransform("base_link").linear()).w(), 1e-5);
 
  EXPECT_NEAR_TRACED(state.getGlobalLinkTransform("link_a").translation(), Eigen::Vector3d(1, 1, 0));
  EXPECT_NEAR(0.0, Eigen::Quaterniond(state.getGlobalLinkTransform("link_a").linear()).x(), 1e-5);
  EXPECT_NEAR(0.0, Eigen::Quaterniond(state.getGlobalLinkTransform("link_a").linear()).y(), 1e-5);
  EXPECT_NEAR(0.0, Eigen::Quaterniond(state.getGlobalLinkTransform("link_a").linear()).z(), 1e-5);
  EXPECT_NEAR(1.0, Eigen::Quaterniond(state.getGlobalLinkTransform("link_a").linear()).w(), 1e-5);
 
  EXPECT_NEAR_TRACED(state.getGlobalLinkTransform("link_b").translation(), Eigen::Vector3d(1, 1.5, 0));
  EXPECT_NEAR(0.0, Eigen::Quaterniond(state.getGlobalLinkTransform("link_b").linear()).x(), 1e-5);
  EXPECT_NEAR(-0.2084598, Eigen::Quaterniond(state.getGlobalLinkTransform("link_b").linear()).y(), 1e-5);
  EXPECT_NEAR(0.0, Eigen::Quaterniond(state.getGlobalLinkTransform("link_b").linear()).z(), 1e-5);
  EXPECT_NEAR(0.97803091, Eigen::Quaterniond(state.getGlobalLinkTransform("link_b").linear()).w(), 1e-5);
 
  EXPECT_NEAR_TRACED(state.getGlobalLinkTransform("link_c").translation(), Eigen::Vector3d(1.08, 1.4, 0));
  EXPECT_NEAR(0.0, Eigen::Quaterniond(state.getGlobalLinkTransform("link_c").linear()).x(), 1e-5);
  EXPECT_NEAR(0.0, Eigen::Quaterniond(state.getGlobalLinkTransform("link_c").linear()).y(), 1e-5);
  EXPECT_NEAR(0.0, Eigen::Quaterniond(state.getGlobalLinkTransform("link_c").linear()).z(), 1e-5);
  EXPECT_NEAR(1.0, Eigen::Quaterniond(state.getGlobalLinkTransform("link_c").linear()).w(), 1e-5);
 
  EXPECT_TRUE(state.satisfiesBounds());
 
  std::map<std::string, double> upd_a;
  upd_a["joint_a"] = 0.2;
  state.setVariablePositions(upd_a);
  EXPECT_TRUE(state.satisfiesBounds(model->getJointModel("joint_a")));
  EXPECT_NEAR(state.getVariablePosition("joint_a"), 0.2, 1e-3);
  state.enforceBounds();
  EXPECT_NEAR(state.getVariablePosition("joint_a"), 0.2, 1e-3);
 
  upd_a["joint_a"] = 3.2;
  state.setVariablePositions(upd_a);
  EXPECT_TRUE(state.satisfiesBounds(model->getJointModel("joint_a")));
  EXPECT_NEAR(state.getVariablePosition("joint_a"), 3.2, 1e-3);
  state.enforceBounds();
  EXPECT_NEAR(state.getVariablePosition("joint_a"), -3.083185, 1e-3);
  EXPECT_TRUE(state.satisfiesBounds(model->getJointModel("joint_a")));
 
  // mimic joints
  state.setToDefaultValues();
  EXPECT_TRUE(state.dirtyLinkTransforms());
  EXPECT_NEAR_TRACED(state.getGlobalLinkTransform("link_c").translation(), Eigen::Vector3d(0.0, 0.4, 0));
  EXPECT_NEAR_TRACED(state.getGlobalLinkTransform("link_d").translation(), Eigen::Vector3d(0.2, 0.5, 0));
  EXPECT_NEAR_TRACED(state.getGlobalLinkTransform("link_e").translation(), Eigen::Vector3d(0.3, 0.6, 0));
 
  // setVariablePosition should update corresponding mimic joints too
  state.setVariablePosition("joint_f", 1.0);
  EXPECT_EQ(state.getVariablePosition("joint_f"), 1.0);
  EXPECT_EQ(state.getVariablePosition("mim_f"), 1.6);
  EXPECT_TRUE(state.dirtyLinkTransforms());
  EXPECT_NEAR_TRACED(state.getGlobalLinkTransform("link_c").translation(), Eigen::Vector3d(0.0, 0.4, 0));
  EXPECT_NEAR_TRACED(state.getGlobalLinkTransform("link_d").translation(), Eigen::Vector3d(1.7, 0.5, 0));
  EXPECT_NEAR_TRACED(state.getGlobalLinkTransform("link_e").translation(), Eigen::Vector3d(2.8, 0.6, 0));
 
  ASSERT_EQ(g_mim->getVariableCount(), 2u);
  double gstate[2];
  state.copyJointGroupPositions(g_mim, gstate);
 
  // setToRandomPositions() uses a different mechanism to update mimic joints
  state.setToRandomPositions(g_mim);
  double joint_f = state.getVariablePosition("joint_f");
  double mim_f = state.getVariablePosition("mim_f");
  EXPECT_NEAR(mim_f, 1.5 * joint_f + 0.1, 1e-8);
  EXPECT_TRUE(state.dirtyLinkTransforms());
  EXPECT_NEAR_TRACED(state.getGlobalLinkTransform("link_c").translation(), Eigen::Vector3d(0.0, 0.4, 0));
  EXPECT_NEAR_TRACED(state.getGlobalLinkTransform("link_d").translation(), Eigen::Vector3d(0.1 + mim_f, 0.5, 0));
  EXPECT_NEAR_TRACED(state.getGlobalLinkTransform("link_e").translation(),
                     Eigen::Vector3d(0.1 + mim_f + joint_f + 0.1, 0.6, 0));
 
  // setJointGroupPositions() uses a different mechanism to update mimic joints
  state.setJointGroupPositions(g_mim, gstate);
  EXPECT_EQ(state.getVariablePosition("joint_f"), 1.0);
  EXPECT_EQ(state.getVariablePosition("mim_f"), 1.6);
  EXPECT_TRUE(state.dirtyLinkTransforms());
  EXPECT_NEAR_TRACED(state.getGlobalLinkTransform("link_c").translation(), Eigen::Vector3d(0.0, 0.4, 0));
  EXPECT_NEAR_TRACED(state.getGlobalLinkTransform("link_d").translation(), Eigen::Vector3d(1.7, 0.5, 0));
  EXPECT_NEAR_TRACED(state.getGlobalLinkTransform("link_e").translation(), Eigen::Vector3d(2.8, 0.6, 0));
}
 
TEST_F(OneRobot, testPrintCurrentPositionWithJointLimits)
{
  moveit::core::RobotState state(robot_model_);
  const moveit::core::JointModelGroup* joint_model_group = robot_model_->getJointModelGroup("base_from_base_to_e");
  ASSERT_TRUE(joint_model_group);
 
  state.setToDefaultValues();
 
  std::cout << "\nVisual inspection should show NO joints out of bounds:\n";
  state.printStatePositionsWithJointLimits(joint_model_group);
 
  std::cout << "\nVisual inspection should show ONE joint out of bounds:\n";
  std::vector<double> single_joint(1);
  single_joint[0] = -1.0;
  state.setJointPositions("joint_c", single_joint);
  state.printStatePositionsWithJointLimits(joint_model_group);
 
  std::cout << "\nVisual inspection should show TWO joint out of bounds:\n";
  single_joint[0] = 1.0;
  state.setJointPositions("joint_f", single_joint);
  state.printStatePositionsWithJointLimits(joint_model_group);
 
  std::cout << "\nVisual inspection should show ONE joint out of bounds:\n";
  single_joint[0] = 0.19;
  state.setJointPositions("joint_f", single_joint);
  state.printStatePositionsWithJointLimits(joint_model_group);
}
 
TEST_F(OneRobot, testInterpolation)
{
  moveit::core::RobotState state_a(robot_model_);
 
  // Interpolate with itself
  state_a.setToDefaultValues();
  moveit::core::RobotState state_b(state_a);
  moveit::core::RobotState interpolated_state(state_a);
  for (size_t i = 0; i <= 10; ++i)
  {
    state_a.interpolate(state_b, static_cast<double>(i) / 10., interpolated_state,
                        robot_model_->getJointModelGroup("base_from_base_to_e"));
    EXPECT_NEAR(state_a.distance(state_b), 0, EPSILON) << "Interpolation between identical states yielded a different "
                                                          "state.";
 
    for (const auto& link_name : robot_model_->getLinkModelNames())
    {
      EXPECT_FALSE(interpolated_state.getCollisionBodyTransform(link_name, 0).matrix().hasNaN()) << "Interpolation "
                                                                                                    "between identical "
                                                                                                    "states yielded "
                                                                                                    "NaN value.";
    }
  }
 
  // Some simple interpolation
  std::map<std::string, double> joint_values;
  joint_values["base_joint/x"] = 1.0;
  joint_values["base_joint/y"] = 1.0;
  state_a.setVariablePositions(joint_values);
  joint_values["base_joint/x"] = 0.0;
  joint_values["base_joint/y"] = 2.0;
  state_b.setVariablePositions(joint_values);
  EXPECT_NEAR(3 * std::sqrt(2), state_a.distance(state_b), EPSILON) << "Simple interpolation of base_joint failed.";
 
  state_a.interpolate(state_b, 0.5, interpolated_state, robot_model_->getJointModelGroup("base_from_base_to_e"));
  EXPECT_NEAR(0., state_a.distance(interpolated_state) - state_b.distance(interpolated_state), EPSILON) << "Simple "
                                                                                                           "interpolati"
                                                                                                           "on of "
                                                                                                           "base_joint "
                                                                                                           "failed.";
  EXPECT_NEAR(0.5, interpolated_state.getVariablePosition("base_joint/x"), EPSILON) << "Simple interpolation of "
                                                                                       "base_joint failed.";
  EXPECT_NEAR(1.5, interpolated_state.getVariablePosition("base_joint/y"), EPSILON) << "Simple interpolation of "
                                                                                       "base_joint failed.";
  state_a.interpolate(state_b, 0.1, interpolated_state, robot_model_->getJointModelGroup("base_from_base_to_e"));
  EXPECT_NEAR(0.9, interpolated_state.getVariablePosition("base_joint/x"), EPSILON) << "Simple interpolation of "
                                                                                       "base_joint failed.";
  EXPECT_NEAR(1.1, interpolated_state.getVariablePosition("base_joint/y"), EPSILON) << "Simple interpolation of "
                                                                                       "base_joint failed.";
 
  // Interpolate all the joints
  joint_values["base_joint/x"] = 0.0;
  joint_values["base_joint/y"] = 20.0;
  joint_values["base_joint/theta"] = 3 * M_PI / 4;
  joint_values["joint_a"] = -4 * M_PI / 5;
  joint_values["joint_c"] = 0.0;
  joint_values["joint_f"] = 1.0;
  state_a.setVariablePositions(joint_values);
 
  joint_values["base_joint/x"] = 10.0;
  joint_values["base_joint/y"] = 0.0;
  joint_values["base_joint/theta"] = -3 * M_PI / 4;
  joint_values["joint_a"] = 4 * M_PI / 5;
  joint_values["joint_c"] = 0.07;
  joint_values["joint_f"] = 0.0;
  state_b.setVariablePositions(joint_values);
 
  for (size_t i = 0; i <= 5; ++i)
  {
    double t = static_cast<double>(i) / 5.;
    state_a.interpolate(state_b, t, interpolated_state, robot_model_->getJointModelGroup("base_from_base_to_e"));
    EXPECT_NEAR(10.0 * t, interpolated_state.getVariablePosition("base_joint/x"), EPSILON) << "Base joint "
                                                                                              "interpolation failed.";
    EXPECT_NEAR(20.0 * (1 - t), interpolated_state.getVariablePosition("base_joint/y"), EPSILON) << "Base joint "
                                                                                                    "interpolation "
                                                                                                    "failed.";
    if (t < 0.5)
    {
      EXPECT_NEAR(3 * M_PI / 4 + (M_PI / 2) * t, interpolated_state.getVariablePosition("base_joint/theta"), EPSILON)
          << "Base joint theta interpolation failed.";
      EXPECT_NEAR(-4 * M_PI / 5 - (2 * M_PI / 5) * t, interpolated_state.getVariablePosition("joint_a"), EPSILON)
          << "Continuous joint interpolation failed.";
    }
    else
    {
      EXPECT_NEAR(-3 * M_PI / 4 - (M_PI / 2) * (1 - t), interpolated_state.getVariablePosition("base_joint/theta"),
                  EPSILON)
          << "Base joint theta interpolation failed.";
      EXPECT_NEAR(4 * M_PI / 5 + (2 * M_PI / 5) * (1 - t), interpolated_state.getVariablePosition("joint_a"), EPSILON)
          << "Continuous joint interpolation failed.";
    }
    EXPECT_NEAR(0.07 * t, interpolated_state.getVariablePosition("joint_c"), EPSILON) << "Interpolation of joint_c "
                                                                                         "failed.";
    EXPECT_NEAR(1 - t, interpolated_state.getVariablePosition("joint_f"), EPSILON) << "Interpolation of joint_f "
                                                                                      "failed.";
    EXPECT_NEAR(1.5 * (1 - t) + 0.1, interpolated_state.getVariablePosition("mim_f"), EPSILON) << "Interpolation of "
                                                                                                  "mimic joint mim_f "
                                                                                                  "failed.";
  }
 
  bool nan_exception = false;
  try
  {
    state_a.interpolate(state_b, 1. / 0., interpolated_state, robot_model_->getJointModelGroup("base_from_base_to_e"));
  }
  catch (std::exception& e)
  {
    std::cout << "Caught expected exception: " << e.what() << '\n';
    nan_exception = true;
  }
  EXPECT_TRUE(nan_exception) << "NaN interpolation parameter did not create expected exception.";
}
 
TEST_F(OneRobot, rigidlyConnectedParent)
{
  // link_e is its own rigidly-connected parent
  const moveit::core::LinkModel* link_e{ robot_model_->getLinkModel("link_e") };
  EXPECT_EQ(robot_model_->getRigidlyConnectedParentLinkModel(link_e), link_e);
 
  // link_b is rigidly connected to its parent link_a
  const moveit::core::LinkModel* link_a{ robot_model_->getLinkModel("link_a") };
  const moveit::core::LinkModel* link_b{ robot_model_->getLinkModel("link_b") };
  EXPECT_EQ(robot_model_->getRigidlyConnectedParentLinkModel(link_b), link_a);
 
  moveit::core::RobotState state(robot_model_);
 
  EXPECT_EQ(state.getRigidlyConnectedParentLinkModel("link_b"), link_a);
 
  // attach "object" with "subframe" to link_b
  state.attachBody(std::make_unique<moveit::core::AttachedBody>(
      link_b, "object", Eigen::Isometry3d::Identity(), std::vector<shapes::ShapeConstPtr>{},
      EigenSTL::vector_Isometry3d{}, std::set<std::string>{}, trajectory_msgs::msg::JointTrajectory{},
      moveit::core::FixedTransformsMap{ { "subframe", Eigen::Isometry3d::Identity() } }));
 
  // RobotState's version should resolve these too
  EXPECT_EQ(link_a, state.getRigidlyConnectedParentLinkModel("object"));
  EXPECT_EQ(link_a, state.getRigidlyConnectedParentLinkModel("object/subframe"));
 
  // test failure cases
  EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, state.getRigidlyConnectedParentLinkModel("no_object"));
  EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, state.getRigidlyConnectedParentLinkModel("object/no_subframe"));
  EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, state.getRigidlyConnectedParentLinkModel(""));
  EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, state.getRigidlyConnectedParentLinkModel("object/"));
  EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, state.getRigidlyConnectedParentLinkModel("/"));
}
 
TEST(getJacobian, RevoluteJoints)
{
  // Robot URDF with four revolute joints.
  constexpr char robot_urdf[] = R"(
      <?xml version="1.0" ?>
      <robot name="one_robot">
        <link name="base_link"/>
        <joint name="joint_a_revolute" type="revolute">
            <axis xyz="0 0 1"/>
            <parent link="base_link"/>
            <child link="link_a"/>
            <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0 0 0"/>
            <limit effort="100.0" lower="-3.14" upper="3.14" velocity="0.2"/>
        </joint>
        <link name="link_a"/>
        <joint name="joint_b_revolute" type="revolute">
          <axis xyz="0 0 1"/>
          <parent link="link_a"/>
          <child link="link_b"/>
          <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0.0 0.5 0"/>
          <limit effort="100.0" lower="-3.14" upper="3.14" velocity="0.2"/>
        </joint>
        <link name="link_b"/>
        <joint name="joint_c_revolute" type="revolute">
          <axis xyz="0 1 0"/>
          <parent link="link_b"/>
          <child link="link_c"/>
          <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0.2 0.2 0"/>
          <limit effort="100.0" lower="-3.14" upper="3.14" velocity="0.2"/>
        </joint>
        <link name="link_c"/>
        <joint name="joint_d_revolute" type="revolute">
          <axis xyz="1 0 0"/>
          <parent link="link_c"/>
          <child link="link_d"/>
          <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0.0 0.2 0.4"/>
          <limit effort="100.0" lower="-3.14" upper="3.14" velocity="0.2"/>
        </joint>
        <link name="link_d"/>
      </robot>
    )";
 
  constexpr char robot_srdf[] = R"xml(
      <?xml version="1.0" ?>
      <robot name="one_robot">
        <group name="base_to_tip">
          <joint name="joint_a_revolute"/>
          <joint name="joint_b_revolute"/>
          <joint name="joint_c_revolute"/>
          <joint name="joint_d_revolute"/>
        </group>
      </robot>
      )xml";
 
  const urdf::ModelInterfaceSharedPtr urdf_model = urdf::parseURDF(robot_urdf);
  ASSERT_TRUE(urdf_model);
  const auto srdf_model = std::make_shared<srdf::Model>();
  ASSERT_TRUE(srdf_model->initString(*urdf_model, robot_srdf));
  const auto robot_model = std::make_shared<moveit::core::RobotModel>(urdf_model, srdf_model);
 
  moveit::core::RobotState state(robot_model);
  const moveit::core::JointModelGroup* jmg = state.getJointModelGroup("base_to_tip");
 
  // Some made-up numbers, at zero and non-zero robot configurations.
  checkJacobian(state, *jmg, makeVector({ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 }), makeVector({ 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 }));
  checkJacobian(state, *jmg, makeVector({ 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 }), makeVector({ 0.5, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1 }));
}
 
TEST(getJacobian, RevoluteAndPrismaticJoints)
{
  // Robot URDF with three revolute joints and one prismatic joint.
  constexpr char robot_urdf[] = R"(
      <?xml version="1.0" ?>
      <robot name="one_robot">
        <link name="base_link"/>
        <joint name="joint_a_revolute" type="revolute">
            <axis xyz="0 0 1"/>
            <parent link="base_link"/>
            <child link="link_a"/>
            <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0 0 0"/>
            <limit effort="100.0" lower="-3.14" upper="3.14" velocity="0.2"/>
        </joint>
        <link name="link_a"/>
        <joint name="joint_b_revolute" type="revolute">
          <axis xyz="0 0 1"/>
          <parent link="link_a"/>
          <child link="link_b"/>
          <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0.0 0.5 0"/>
          <limit effort="100.0" lower="-3.14" upper="3.14" velocity="0.2"/>
        </joint>
        <link name="link_b"/>
        <joint name="joint_c_prismatic" type="prismatic">
          <axis xyz="0 1 0"/>
          <parent link="link_b"/>
          <child link="link_c"/>
          <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0.2 0.2 0"/>
          <limit effort="100.0" lower="-1.0" upper="1.0" velocity="0.2"/>
        </joint>
        <link name="link_c"/>
        <joint name="joint_d_revolute" type="revolute">
          <axis xyz="1 0 0"/>
          <parent link="link_c"/>
          <child link="link_d"/>
          <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0.0 0.2 0.4"/>
          <limit effort="100.0" lower="-3.14" upper="3.14" velocity="0.2"/>
        </joint>
        <link name="link_d"/>
      </robot>
    )";
 
  constexpr char robot_srdf[] = R"xml(
      <?xml version="1.0" ?>
      <robot name="one_robot">
        <group name="base_to_tip">
          <joint name="joint_a_revolute"/>
          <joint name="joint_b_revolute"/>
          <joint name="joint_c_prismatic"/>
          <joint name="joint_d_revolute"/>
        </group>
      </robot>
      )xml";
 
  const urdf::ModelInterfaceSharedPtr urdf_model = urdf::parseURDF(robot_urdf);
  ASSERT_TRUE(urdf_model);
  const auto srdf_model = std::make_shared<srdf::Model>();
  ASSERT_TRUE(srdf_model->initString(*urdf_model, robot_srdf));
  const auto robot_model = std::make_shared<moveit::core::RobotModel>(urdf_model, srdf_model);
 
  moveit::core::RobotState state(robot_model);
  const moveit::core::JointModelGroup* jmg = state.getJointModelGroup("base_to_tip");
 
  // Some made-up numbers, at zero and non-zero robot configurations.
  checkJacobian(state, *jmg, makeVector({ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 }), makeVector({ 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 }));
  checkJacobian(state, *jmg, makeVector({ 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 }), makeVector({ 0.5, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1 }));
}
 
TEST(getJacobian, RevoluteAndFixedJoints)
{
  // Robot URDF with two revolute joints and two fixed joints.
  constexpr char robot_urdf[] = R"(
      <?xml version="1.0" ?>
      <robot name="one_robot">
        <link name="base_link"/>
        <joint name="joint_a_revolute" type="revolute">
            <axis xyz="0 0 1"/>
            <parent link="base_link"/>
            <child link="link_a"/>
            <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0 0 0"/>
            <limit effort="100.0" lower="-3.14" upper="3.14" velocity="0.2"/>
        </joint>
        <link name="link_a"/>
        <joint name="joint_b_fixed" type="fixed">
          <parent link="link_a"/>
          <child link="link_b"/>
        </joint>
        <link name="link_b"/>
        <joint name="joint_c_fixed" type="fixed">
          <parent link="link_b"/>
          <child link="link_c"/>
        </joint>
        <link name="link_c"/>
        <joint name="joint_d_revolute" type="revolute">
          <axis xyz="1 0 0"/>
          <parent link="link_c"/>
          <child link="link_d"/>
          <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0.0 0.2 0.4"/>
          <limit effort="100.0" lower="-3.14" upper="3.14" velocity="0.2"/>
        </joint>
        <link name="link_d"/>
      </robot>
    )";
 
  constexpr char robot_srdf[] = R"xml(
      <?xml version="1.0" ?>
      <robot name="one_robot">
        <group name="base_to_tip">
          <joint name="joint_a_revolute"/>
          <joint name="joint_b_fixed"/>
          <joint name="joint_c_fixed"/>
          <joint name="joint_d_revolute"/>
        </group>
      </robot>
      )xml";
 
  const urdf::ModelInterfaceSharedPtr urdf_model = urdf::parseURDF(robot_urdf);
  ASSERT_TRUE(urdf_model);
  const auto srdf_model = std::make_shared<srdf::Model>();
  ASSERT_TRUE(srdf_model->initString(*urdf_model, robot_srdf));
  const auto robot_model = std::make_shared<moveit::core::RobotModel>(urdf_model, srdf_model);
 
  moveit::core::RobotState state(robot_model);
  const moveit::core::JointModelGroup* jmg = state.getJointModelGroup("base_to_tip");
 
  // Some made-up numbers, at zero and non-zero robot configurations.
  checkJacobian(state, *jmg, makeVector({ 0.0, 0.0 }), makeVector({ 0.1, 0.4 }));
  checkJacobian(state, *jmg, makeVector({ 0.1, 0.4 }), makeVector({ 0.5, 0.1 }));
}
 
TEST(getJacobian, RevolutePlanarAndPrismaticJoints)
{
  // Robot URDF with two revolute joints, one planar joint and one prismatic.
  constexpr char robot_urdf[] = R"(
      <?xml version="1.0" ?>
      <robot name="one_robot">
        <link name="base_link"/>
        <joint name="joint_a_planar" type="planar">
            <axis xyz="0 0 1"/>
            <parent link="base_link"/>
            <child link="link_a"/>
            <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0 0 0"/>
            <limit effort="100.0" lower="-1.0" upper="1.0" velocity="0.2"/>
        </joint>
        <link name="link_a"/>
        <joint name="joint_b_revolute" type="revolute">
          <axis xyz="0 0 1"/>
          <parent link="link_a"/>
          <child link="link_b"/>
          <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0.0 0.5 0"/>
          <limit effort="100.0" lower="-3.14" upper="3.14" velocity="0.2"/>
        </joint>
        <link name="link_b"/>
        <joint name="joint_c_prismatic" type="prismatic">
          <axis xyz="0 1 0"/>
          <parent link="link_b"/>
          <child link="link_c"/>
          <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0.2 0.2 0"/>
          <limit effort="100.0" lower="-1.0" upper="1.0" velocity="0.2"/>
        </joint>
        <link name="link_c"/>
        <joint name="joint_d_revolute" type="revolute">
          <axis xyz="1 0 0"/>
          <parent link="link_c"/>
          <child link="link_d"/>
          <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0.0 0.2 0.4"/>
          <limit effort="100.0" lower="-3.14" upper="3.14" velocity="0.2"/>
        </joint>
        <link name="link_d"/>
      </robot>
    )";
 
  constexpr char robot_srdf[] = R"xml(
      <?xml version="1.0" ?>
      <robot name="one_robot">
        <group name="base_to_tip">
          <joint name="joint_a_planar"/>
          <joint name="joint_b_revolute"/>
          <joint name="joint_c_prismatic"/>
          <joint name="joint_d_revolute"/>
        </group>
      </robot>
      )xml";
 
  const urdf::ModelInterfaceSharedPtr urdf_model = urdf::parseURDF(robot_urdf);
  ASSERT_TRUE(urdf_model);
  const auto srdf_model = std::make_shared<srdf::Model>();
  ASSERT_TRUE(srdf_model->initString(*urdf_model, robot_srdf));
  const auto robot_model = std::make_shared<moveit::core::RobotModel>(urdf_model, srdf_model);
 
  moveit::core::RobotState state(robot_model);
  const moveit::core::JointModelGroup* jmg = state.getJointModelGroup("base_to_tip");
 
  checkJacobian(state, *jmg, makeVector({ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 }),
                makeVector({ 0.2, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 }));
}
 
TEST(getJacobian, GroupNotAtOrigin)
{
  // URDF with a 3 DOF robot not at the URDF origin.
  constexpr char robot_urdf[] = R"(
      <?xml version="1.0" ?>
      <robot name="one_robot">
        <link name="origin"/>
        <joint name="fixed_offset" type="fixed">
            <parent link="origin"/>
            <child link="link_a"/>
            <origin rpy="0 0 1.5707" xyz="0.0 0.0 0.0"/>
        </joint>
        <link name="link_a"/>
        <joint name="joint_a_revolute" type="revolute">
          <axis xyz="1 0 0"/>
          <parent link="link_a"/>
          <child link="link_b"/>
          <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0.0 0.2 0.4"/>
          <limit effort="100.0" lower="-3.14" upper="3.14" velocity="0.2"/>
        </joint>
        <link name="link_b"/>
        <joint name="joint_b_revolute" type="revolute">
          <axis xyz="1 0 0"/>
          <parent link="link_b"/>
          <child link="link_c"/>
          <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0.0 0.2 0.4"/>
          <limit effort="100.0" lower="-3.14" upper="3.14" velocity="0.2"/>
        </joint>
        <link name="link_c"/>
        <joint name="joint_c_revolute" type="revolute">
          <axis xyz="1 0 0"/>
          <parent link="link_c"/>
          <child link="link_d"/>
          <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0.0 0.2 0.4"/>
          <limit effort="100.0" lower="-3.14" upper="3.14" velocity="0.2"/>
        </joint>
        <link name="link_d"/>
      </robot>
    )";
 
  constexpr char robot_srdf[] = R"xml(
      <?xml version="1.0" ?>
      <robot name="one_robot">
        <group name="base_to_tip">
          <joint name="joint_a_revolute"/>
          <joint name="joint_b_revolute"/>
          <joint name="joint_c_revolute"/>
        </group>
      </robot>
      )xml";
 
  const urdf::ModelInterfaceSharedPtr urdf_model = urdf::parseURDF(robot_urdf);
  ASSERT_TRUE(urdf_model);
  const auto srdf_model = std::make_shared<srdf::Model>();
  ASSERT_TRUE(srdf_model->initString(*urdf_model, robot_srdf));
  const auto robot_model = std::make_shared<moveit::core::RobotModel>(urdf_model, srdf_model);
 
  moveit::core::RobotState state(robot_model);
  const moveit::core::JointModelGroup* jmg = state.getJointModelGroup("base_to_tip");
 
  // Some made-up numbers, at zero and non-zero robot configurations.
  checkJacobian(state, *jmg, makeVector({ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 }), makeVector({ 0.1, 0.4, 0.2 }));
  checkJacobian(state, *jmg, makeVector({ 0.1, 0.4, 0.3 }), makeVector({ 0.5, 0.1, 0.2 }));
}
 
TEST(getJointPositions, getFixedJointValue)
{
  // Robot URDF with two revolute joints and a final fixed joint.
  // Trying to get the value of the fixed joint should work and return nullptr.
  constexpr char robot_urdf[] = R"(
      <?xml version="1.0" ?>
      <robot name="one_robot">
        <link name="base_link"/>
        <joint name="joint_a_revolute" type="revolute">
            <axis xyz="0 0 1"/>
            <parent link="base_link"/>
            <child link="link_a"/>
            <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0 0 0"/>
            <limit effort="100.0" lower="-3.14" upper="3.14" velocity="0.2"/>
        </joint>
        <link name="link_a"/>
        <joint name="joint_b_revolute" type="revolute">
          <axis xyz="0 0 1"/>
            <parent link="link_a"/>
            <child link="link_b"/>
            <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0 0 0"/>
            <limit effort="100.0" lower="-3.14" upper="3.14" velocity="0.2"/>
        </joint>
        <link name="link_b"/>
        <joint name="joint_c_fixed" type="fixed">
          <parent link="link_b"/>
          <child link="link_c"/>
        </joint>
        <link name="link_c"/>
      </robot>
    )";
 
  constexpr char robot_srdf[] = R"xml(
      <?xml version="1.0" ?>
      <robot name="one_robot">
        <group name="base_to_tip">
          <joint name="joint_a_revolute"/>
          <joint name="joint_b_revolute"/>
          <joint name="joint_c_fixed"/>
        </group>
      </robot>
      )xml";
 
  const urdf::ModelInterfaceSharedPtr urdf_model = urdf::parseURDF(robot_urdf);
  ASSERT_TRUE(urdf_model);
  const auto srdf_model = std::make_shared<srdf::Model>();
  ASSERT_TRUE(srdf_model->initString(*urdf_model, robot_srdf));
  const auto robot_model = std::make_shared<moveit::core::RobotModel>(urdf_model, srdf_model);
 
  // Getting the value of the last fixed joint should return nullptr, since it doesn't have an active variable.
  moveit::core::RobotState state(robot_model);
  state.setToDefaultValues();
  const double* joint_value = state.getJointPositions("joint_c_fixed");
  ASSERT_EQ(joint_value, nullptr);
}
 
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
  testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
}