test_time_optimal_trajectory_generation.cpp

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/*
 * Copyright (c) 2011, Georgia Tech Research Corporation
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Author: Tobias Kunz <[email protected]>
 * Date: 05/2012
 *
 * Humanoid Robotics Lab      Georgia Institute of Technology
 * Director: Mike Stilman     http://www.golems.org
 *
 * Algorithm details and publications:
 * http://www.golems.org/node/1570
 *
 * This file is provided under the following "BSD-style" License:
 *   Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
 *   without modification, are permitted provided that the following
 *   conditions are met:
 *   * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *   * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
 *     copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
 *     disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
 *     with the distribution.
 *   THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND
 *   CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
 *   INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 *   MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
 *   DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR
 *   CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 *   SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 *   LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
 *   USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
 *   AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 *   LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
 *   ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 *   POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */
 
#include <gtest/gtest.h>
#include <moveit/trajectory_processing/time_optimal_trajectory_generation.h>
#include <moveit/utils/robot_model_test_utils.h>
 
using trajectory_processing::Path;
using trajectory_processing::TimeOptimalTrajectoryGeneration;
using trajectory_processing::Trajectory;
 
TEST(time_optimal_trajectory_generation, test1)
{
  Eigen::VectorXd waypoint(4);
  std::list<Eigen::VectorXd> waypoints;
 
  waypoint << 1424.0, 984.999694824219, 2126.0, 0.0;
  waypoints.push_back(waypoint);
  waypoint << 1423.0, 985.000244140625, 2126.0, 0.0;
  waypoints.push_back(waypoint);
 
  Eigen::VectorXd max_velocities(4);
  max_velocities << 1.3, 0.67, 0.67, 0.5;
  Eigen::VectorXd max_accelerations(4);
  max_accelerations << 0.00249, 0.00249, 0.00249, 0.00249;
 
  Trajectory trajectory(Path(waypoints, 100.0), max_velocities, max_accelerations, 10.0);
  EXPECT_TRUE(trajectory.isValid());
  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(40.080256821829849, trajectory.getDuration());
 
  // Test start matches
  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(1424.0, trajectory.getPosition(0.0)[0]);
  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(984.999694824219, trajectory.getPosition(0.0)[1]);
  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(2126.0, trajectory.getPosition(0.0)[2]);
  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(0.0, trajectory.getPosition(0.0)[3]);
 
  // Test end matches
  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(1423.0, trajectory.getPosition(trajectory.getDuration())[0]);
  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(985.000244140625, trajectory.getPosition(trajectory.getDuration())[1]);
  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(2126.0, trajectory.getPosition(trajectory.getDuration())[2]);
  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(0.0, trajectory.getPosition(trajectory.getDuration())[3]);
}
 
TEST(time_optimal_trajectory_generation, test2)
{
  Eigen::VectorXd waypoint(4);
  std::list<Eigen::VectorXd> waypoints;
 
  waypoint << 1427.0, 368.0, 690.0, 90.0;
  waypoints.push_back(waypoint);
  waypoint << 1427.0, 368.0, 790.0, 90.0;
  waypoints.push_back(waypoint);
  waypoint << 952.499938964844, 433.0, 1051.0, 90.0;
  waypoints.push_back(waypoint);
  waypoint << 452.5, 533.0, 1051.0, 90.0;
  waypoints.push_back(waypoint);
  waypoint << 452.5, 533.0, 951.0, 90.0;
  waypoints.push_back(waypoint);
 
  Eigen::VectorXd max_velocities(4);
  max_velocities << 1.3, 0.67, 0.67, 0.5;
  Eigen::VectorXd max_accelerations(4);
  max_accelerations << 0.002, 0.002, 0.002, 0.002;
 
  Trajectory trajectory(Path(waypoints, 100.0), max_velocities, max_accelerations, 10.0);
  EXPECT_TRUE(trajectory.isValid());
  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(1922.1418427445944, trajectory.getDuration());
 
  // Test start matches
  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(1427.0, trajectory.getPosition(0.0)[0]);
  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(368.0, trajectory.getPosition(0.0)[1]);
  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(690.0, trajectory.getPosition(0.0)[2]);
  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(90.0, trajectory.getPosition(0.0)[3]);
 
  // Test end matches
  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(452.5, trajectory.getPosition(trajectory.getDuration())[0]);
  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(533.0, trajectory.getPosition(trajectory.getDuration())[1]);
  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(951.0, trajectory.getPosition(trajectory.getDuration())[2]);
  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(90.0, trajectory.getPosition(trajectory.getDuration())[3]);
}
 
TEST(time_optimal_trajectory_generation, test3)
{
  Eigen::VectorXd waypoint(4);
  std::list<Eigen::VectorXd> waypoints;
 
  waypoint << 1427.0, 368.0, 690.0, 90.0;
  waypoints.push_back(waypoint);
  waypoint << 1427.0, 368.0, 790.0, 90.0;
  waypoints.push_back(waypoint);
  waypoint << 952.499938964844, 433.0, 1051.0, 90.0;
  waypoints.push_back(waypoint);
  waypoint << 452.5, 533.0, 1051.0, 90.0;
  waypoints.push_back(waypoint);
  waypoint << 452.5, 533.0, 951.0, 90.0;
  waypoints.push_back(waypoint);
 
  Eigen::VectorXd max_velocities(4);
  max_velocities << 1.3, 0.67, 0.67, 0.5;
  Eigen::VectorXd max_accelerations(4);
  max_accelerations << 0.002, 0.002, 0.002, 0.002;
 
  Trajectory trajectory(Path(waypoints, 100.0), max_velocities, max_accelerations);
  EXPECT_TRUE(trajectory.isValid());
  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(1919.5597888812974, trajectory.getDuration());
 
  // Test start matches
  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(1427.0, trajectory.getPosition(0.0)[0]);
  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(368.0, trajectory.getPosition(0.0)[1]);
  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(690.0, trajectory.getPosition(0.0)[2]);
  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(90.0, trajectory.getPosition(0.0)[3]);
 
  // Test end matches
  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(452.5, trajectory.getPosition(trajectory.getDuration())[0]);
  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(533.0, trajectory.getPosition(trajectory.getDuration())[1]);
  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(951.0, trajectory.getPosition(trajectory.getDuration())[2]);
  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(90.0, trajectory.getPosition(trajectory.getDuration())[3]);
}
 
// Test the version of computeTimeStamps that takes custom velocity/acceleration limits
TEST(time_optimal_trajectory_generation, test_custom_limits)
{
  constexpr auto robot_name{ "panda" };
  constexpr auto group_name{ "panda_arm" };
 
  auto robot_model = moveit::core::loadTestingRobotModel(robot_name);
  ASSERT_TRUE((bool)robot_model) << "Failed to load robot model" << robot_name;
  auto group = robot_model->getJointModelGroup(group_name);
  ASSERT_TRUE((bool)group) << "Failed to load joint model group " << group_name;
  moveit::core::RobotState waypoint_state(robot_model);
  waypoint_state.setToDefaultValues();
 
  const double delta_t = 0.1;
  robot_trajectory::RobotTrajectory trajectory(robot_model, group);
  waypoint_state.setJointGroupPositions(group, std::vector<double>{ -0.5, -3.52, 1.35, -2.51, -0.88, 0.63, 0.0 });
  trajectory.addSuffixWayPoint(waypoint_state, delta_t);
  waypoint_state.setJointGroupPositions(group, std::vector<double>{ -0.45, -3.2, 1.2, -2.4, -0.8, 0.6, 0.0 });
  trajectory.addSuffixWayPoint(waypoint_state, delta_t);
 
  TimeOptimalTrajectoryGeneration totg;
  // Custom velocity & acceleration limits for some joints
  std::unordered_map<std::string, double> vel_limits{ { "panda_joint1", 1.3 } };
  std::unordered_map<std::string, double> accel_limits{ { "panda_joint2", 2.3 }, { "panda_joint3", 3.3 } };
  ASSERT_TRUE(totg.computeTimeStamps(trajectory, vel_limits, accel_limits)) << "Failed to compute time stamps";
}
 
// Test that totg algorithm doesn't give large acceleration
TEST(time_optimal_trajectory_generation, testLargeAccel)
{
  double path_tolerance = 0.1;
  double resample_dt = 0.1;
  Eigen::VectorXd waypoint(6);
  std::list<Eigen::VectorXd> waypoints;
  Eigen::VectorXd max_velocities(6);
  Eigen::VectorXd max_accelerations(6);
 
  // Waypoints
  // clang-format off
  waypoint << 1.6113056281076339,
             -0.21400163389235427,
             -1.974502599739185,
              9.9653618690354051e-12,
             -1.3810916877429624,
              1.5293902838041467;
  waypoints.push_back(waypoint);
 
  waypoint << 1.6088016187976597,
             -0.21792862470933924,
             -1.9758628799742952,
              0.00010424017303217738,
             -1.3835690515335755,
              1.5279972853269816;
  waypoints.push_back(waypoint);
 
  waypoint << 1.5887695443178671,
             -0.24934455124521923,
             -1.9867451218551782,
              0.00093816147756670078,
             -1.4033879618584812,
              1.5168532975096607;
  waypoints.push_back(waypoint);
 
  waypoint << 1.1647412393815282,
             -0.91434018564402375,
             -2.2170946337498498,
              0.018590164397622583,
             -1.8229041212673529,
              1.2809632867583278;
  waypoints.push_back(waypoint);
 
  // Max velocities
  max_velocities << 0.89535390627300004,
                    0.89535390627300004,
                    0.79587013890930003,
                    0.92022484811399996,
                    0.82074108075029995,
                    1.3927727430915;
  // Max accelerations
  max_accelerations << 0.82673490883799994,
                       0.78539816339699997,
                       0.60883578557700002,
                       3.2074759432319997,
                       1.4398966328939999,
                       4.7292792634680003;
  // clang-format on
 
  Trajectory parameterized(Path(waypoints, path_tolerance), max_velocities, max_accelerations, 0.001);
 
  ASSERT_TRUE(parameterized.isValid());
 
  size_t sample_count = std::ceil(parameterized.getDuration() / resample_dt);
  for (size_t sample = 0; sample <= sample_count; ++sample)
  {
    // always sample the end of the trajectory as well
    double t = std::min(parameterized.getDuration(), sample * resample_dt);
    Eigen::VectorXd acceleration = parameterized.getAcceleration(t);
 
    ASSERT_EQ(acceleration.size(), 6);
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 6; ++i)
      EXPECT_NEAR(acceleration(i), 0.0, 100.0) << "Invalid acceleration at position " << sample_count << "\n";
  }
}
 
// Test parameterizing a trajectory would always produce a trajectory with output end waypoint same as the input end waypoint
TEST(time_optimal_trajectory_generation, testLastWaypoint)
{
  constexpr auto robot_name{ "panda" };
  constexpr auto group_name{ "hand" };
 
  auto robot_model = moveit::core::loadTestingRobotModel(robot_name);
  ASSERT_TRUE((bool)robot_model) << "Failed to load robot model" << robot_name;
  auto group = robot_model->getJointModelGroup(group_name);
  ASSERT_TRUE((bool)group) << "Failed to load joint model group " << group_name;
  moveit::core::RobotState waypoint_state(robot_model);
  waypoint_state.setToDefaultValues();
 
  robot_trajectory::RobotTrajectory trajectory(robot_model, group);
  auto add_waypoint = [&](const std::vector<double>& waypoint) {
    waypoint_state.setJointGroupPositions(group, waypoint);
    trajectory.addSuffixWayPoint(waypoint_state, 0.1);
  };
  add_waypoint({ 0.000000000, 0.000000000 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.000396742, 0.000396742 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.000793484, 0.000793484 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.001190226, 0.001190226 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.001586968, 0.001586968 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.001983710, 0.001983710 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.002380452, 0.002380452 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.002777194, 0.002777194 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.003173936, 0.003173936 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.003570678, 0.003570678 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.003967420, 0.003967420 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.004364162, 0.004364162 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.004760904, 0.004760904 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.005157646, 0.005157646 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.005554388, 0.005554388 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.005951130, 0.005951130 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.006347872, 0.006347872 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.006744614, 0.006744614 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.007141356, 0.007141356 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.007538098, 0.007538098 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.007934840, 0.007934840 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.008331582, 0.008331582 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.008728324, 0.008728324 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.009125066, 0.009125066 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.009521808, 0.009521808 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.009918550, 0.009918550 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.010315292, 0.010315292 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.010712034, 0.010712034 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.011108776, 0.011108776 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.011505518, 0.011505518 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.011902261, 0.011902261 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.012299003, 0.012299003 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.012695745, 0.012695745 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.013092487, 0.013092487 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.013489229, 0.013489229 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.013885971, 0.013885971 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.014282713, 0.014282713 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.014679455, 0.014679455 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.015076197, 0.015076197 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.015472939, 0.015472939 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.015869681, 0.015869681 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.016266423, 0.016266423 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.016663165, 0.016663165 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.017059907, 0.017059907 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.017456649, 0.017456649 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.017853391, 0.017853391 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.018250133, 0.018250133 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.018646875, 0.018646875 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.019043617, 0.019043617 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.019440359, 0.019440359 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.019837101, 0.019837101 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.020233843, 0.020233843 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.020630585, 0.020630585 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.021027327, 0.021027327 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.021424069, 0.021424069 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.021820811, 0.021820811 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.022217553, 0.022217553 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.022614295, 0.022614295 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.023011037, 0.023011037 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.023407779, 0.023407779 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.023804521, 0.023804521 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.024201263, 0.024201263 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.024598005, 0.024598005 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.024994747, 0.024994747 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.025391489, 0.025391489 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.025788231, 0.025788231 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.026184973, 0.026184973 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.026581715, 0.026581715 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.026978457, 0.026978457 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.027375199, 0.027375199 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.027771941, 0.027771941 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.028168683, 0.028168683 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.028565425, 0.028565425 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.028962167, 0.028962167 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.029358909, 0.029358909 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.029755651, 0.029755651 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.030152393, 0.030152393 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.030549135, 0.030549135 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.030945877, 0.030945877 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.031342619, 0.031342619 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.031739361, 0.031739361 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.032136103, 0.032136103 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.032532845, 0.032532845 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.032929587, 0.032929587 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.033326329, 0.033326329 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.033723071, 0.033723071 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.034119813, 0.034119813 });
  add_waypoint({ 0.034516555, 0.034516555 });
 
  const std::vector<double> expected_last_waypoint = { 0.034913297, 0.034913297 };
  add_waypoint(expected_last_waypoint);
 
  TimeOptimalTrajectoryGeneration totg;
  ASSERT_TRUE(totg.computeTimeStamps(trajectory)) << "Failed to compute time stamps";
  const auto robot_state = trajectory.getLastWayPoint();
  std::vector<double> actual_last_waypoint;
  robot_state.copyJointGroupPositions(group, actual_last_waypoint);
  EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(actual_last_waypoint.cbegin(), actual_last_waypoint.cend(), expected_last_waypoint.cbegin(),
                         expected_last_waypoint.cend(), [](const double rhs, const double lhs) {
                           return std::abs(rhs - lhs) < std::numeric_limits<double>::epsilon();
                         }));
}
 
TEST(time_optimal_trajectory_generation, testPluginAPI)
{
  constexpr auto robot_name{ "panda" };
  constexpr auto group_name{ "panda_arm" };
 
  auto robot_model = moveit::core::loadTestingRobotModel(robot_name);
  ASSERT_TRUE((bool)robot_model) << "Failed to load robot model" << robot_name;
  auto group = robot_model->getJointModelGroup(group_name);
  ASSERT_TRUE((bool)group) << "Failed to load joint model group " << group_name;
  moveit::core::RobotState waypoint_state(robot_model);
  waypoint_state.setToDefaultValues();
 
  robot_trajectory::RobotTrajectory trajectory(robot_model, group);
  waypoint_state.setJointGroupPositions(group, std::vector<double>{ -0.5, -3.52, 1.35, -2.51, -0.88, 0.63, 0.0 });
  trajectory.addSuffixWayPoint(waypoint_state, 0.1);
  waypoint_state.setJointGroupPositions(group, std::vector<double>{ -0.5, -3.52, 1.35, -2.51, -0.88, 0.63, 0.0 });
  trajectory.addSuffixWayPoint(waypoint_state, 0.1);
  waypoint_state.setJointGroupPositions(group, std::vector<double>{ 0.0, -3.5, 1.4, -1.2, -1.0, -0.2, 0.0 });
  trajectory.addSuffixWayPoint(waypoint_state, 0.1);
  waypoint_state.setJointGroupPositions(group, std::vector<double>{ -0.5, -3.52, 1.35, -2.51, -0.88, 0.63, 0.0 });
  trajectory.addSuffixWayPoint(waypoint_state, 0.1);
  waypoint_state.setJointGroupPositions(group, std::vector<double>{ 0.0, -3.5, 1.4, -1.2, -1.0, -0.2, 0.0 });
  trajectory.addSuffixWayPoint(waypoint_state, 0.1);
  waypoint_state.setJointGroupPositions(group, std::vector<double>{ -0.5, -3.52, 1.35, -2.51, -0.88, 0.63, 0.0 });
  trajectory.addSuffixWayPoint(waypoint_state, 0.1);
 
  // Number TOTG iterations
  constexpr size_t totg_iterations = 10;
 
  // Test computing the dynamics repeatedly with the same totg instance
  moveit_msgs::msg::RobotTrajectory first_trajectory_msg_start, first_trajectory_msg_end;
  {
    robot_trajectory::RobotTrajectory test_trajectory(trajectory, true /* deep copy */);
 
    // Test if the trajectory was copied correctly
    ASSERT_EQ(test_trajectory.getDuration(), trajectory.getDuration());
    moveit::core::JointBoundsVector test_bounds = test_trajectory.getRobotModel()->getActiveJointModelsBounds();
    moveit::core::JointBoundsVector original_bounds = trajectory.getRobotModel()->getActiveJointModelsBounds();
    ASSERT_EQ(test_bounds.size(), original_bounds.size());
    for (size_t bound_idx = 0; bound_idx < test_bounds.at(0)->size(); ++bound_idx)
    {
      ASSERT_EQ(test_bounds.at(0)->at(bound_idx).max_velocity_, original_bounds.at(0)->at(bound_idx).max_velocity_);
      ASSERT_EQ(test_bounds.at(0)->at(bound_idx).min_velocity_, original_bounds.at(0)->at(bound_idx).min_velocity_);
      ASSERT_EQ(test_bounds.at(0)->at(bound_idx).velocity_bounded_,
                original_bounds.at(0)->at(bound_idx).velocity_bounded_);
 
      ASSERT_EQ(test_bounds.at(0)->at(bound_idx).max_acceleration_,
                original_bounds.at(0)->at(bound_idx).max_acceleration_);
      ASSERT_EQ(test_bounds.at(0)->at(bound_idx).min_acceleration_,
                original_bounds.at(0)->at(bound_idx).min_acceleration_);
      ASSERT_EQ(test_bounds.at(0)->at(bound_idx).acceleration_bounded_,
                original_bounds.at(0)->at(bound_idx).acceleration_bounded_);
    }
    ASSERT_EQ(test_trajectory.getWayPointDurationFromPrevious(1), trajectory.getWayPointDurationFromPrevious(1));
 
    TimeOptimalTrajectoryGeneration totg;
    ASSERT_TRUE(totg.computeTimeStamps(test_trajectory)) << "Failed to compute time stamps";
 
    test_trajectory.getRobotTrajectoryMsg(first_trajectory_msg_start);
 
    // Iteratively recompute timestamps with same totg instance
    for (size_t i = 0; i < totg_iterations; ++i)
    {
      bool totg_success = totg.computeTimeStamps(test_trajectory);
      EXPECT_TRUE(totg_success) << "Failed to compute time stamps with a same TOTG instance in iteration " << i;
    }
 
    test_trajectory.getRobotTrajectoryMsg(first_trajectory_msg_end);
  }
 
  // Test computing the dynamics repeatedly with one TOTG instance per call
  moveit_msgs::msg::RobotTrajectory second_trajectory_msg_start, second_trajectory_msg_end;
  {
    robot_trajectory::RobotTrajectory test_trajectory(trajectory, true /* deep copy */);
 
    {
      TimeOptimalTrajectoryGeneration totg;
      ASSERT_TRUE(totg.computeTimeStamps(test_trajectory)) << "Failed to compute time stamps";
    }
 
    test_trajectory.getRobotTrajectoryMsg(second_trajectory_msg_start);
 
    // Iteratively recompute timestamps with new totg instances
    for (size_t i = 0; i < totg_iterations; ++i)
    {
      TimeOptimalTrajectoryGeneration totg;
      bool totg_success = totg.computeTimeStamps(test_trajectory);
      EXPECT_TRUE(totg_success) << "Failed to compute time stamps with a new TOTG instance in iteration " << i;
    }
 
    test_trajectory.getRobotTrajectoryMsg(second_trajectory_msg_end);
  }
 
  // Make sure trajectories produce equal waypoints independent of TOTG instances
  ASSERT_EQ(first_trajectory_msg_start, second_trajectory_msg_start);
  ASSERT_EQ(first_trajectory_msg_end, second_trajectory_msg_end);
 
  // Iterate on the original trajectory again
  moveit_msgs::msg::RobotTrajectory third_trajectory_msg_end;
 
  {
    TimeOptimalTrajectoryGeneration totg;
    ASSERT_TRUE(totg.computeTimeStamps(trajectory)) << "Failed to compute time stamps";
  }
 
  for (size_t i = 0; i < totg_iterations; ++i)
  {
    TimeOptimalTrajectoryGeneration totg;
    bool totg_success = totg.computeTimeStamps(trajectory);
    ASSERT_TRUE(totg_success) << "Failed to compute timestamps on a new TOTG instance in iteration " << i;
  }
 
  // Compare with previous work
  trajectory.getRobotTrajectoryMsg(third_trajectory_msg_end);
 
  // Make sure trajectories produce equal waypoints independent of TOTG instances
  ASSERT_EQ(first_trajectory_msg_end, third_trajectory_msg_end);
}
 
TEST(time_optimal_trajectory_generation, testRelevantZeroMaxAccelerationsInvalidateTrajectory)
{
  const Eigen::Vector2d max_velocity(1, 1);
  const Path path(std::list<Eigen::VectorXd>{ Eigen::Vector2d(0, 0), Eigen::Vector2d(1, 1) });
 
  EXPECT_FALSE(Trajectory(path, max_velocity, /*max_acceleration=*/Eigen::Vector2d(0, 1)).isValid());
  EXPECT_FALSE(Trajectory(path, max_velocity, /*max_acceleration=*/Eigen::Vector2d(1, 0)).isValid());
  EXPECT_FALSE(Trajectory(path, max_velocity, /*max_acceleration=*/Eigen::Vector2d(0, 0)).isValid());
}
 
TEST(time_optimal_trajectory_generation, testIrrelevantZeroMaxAccelerationsDontInvalidateTrajectory)
{
  const Eigen::Vector2d max_velocity(1, 1);
 
  EXPECT_TRUE(Trajectory(Path(std::list<Eigen::VectorXd>{ Eigen::Vector2d(0, 0), Eigen::Vector2d(0, 1) }), max_velocity,
                         /*max_acceleration=*/Eigen::Vector2d(0, 1))
                  .isValid());
  EXPECT_TRUE(Trajectory(Path(std::list<Eigen::VectorXd>{ Eigen::Vector2d(0, 0), Eigen::Vector2d(1, 0) }), max_velocity,
                         /*max_acceleration=*/Eigen::Vector2d(1, 0))
                  .isValid());
}
 
TEST(time_optimal_trajectory_generation, testTimeStepZeroMakesTrajectoryInvalid)
{
  EXPECT_FALSE(Trajectory(Path(std::list<Eigen::VectorXd>{ Eigen::Vector2d(0, 0), Eigen::Vector2d(1, 1) }),
                          /*max_velocity=*/Eigen::Vector2d(1, 1), /*max_acceleration=*/Eigen::Vector2d(1, 1),
                          /*time_step=*/0)
                   .isValid());
}
 
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
  testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
}