trajectory_functions.cpp

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#include <pilz_industrial_motion_planner/trajectory_functions.h>
 
#include <moveit/planning_scene/planning_scene.h>
#include <tf2/LinearMath/Quaternion.h>
#include <tf2_eigen_kdl/tf2_eigen_kdl.hpp>
#include <tf2_eigen/tf2_eigen.hpp>
#include <tf2_geometry_msgs/tf2_geometry_msgs.hpp>
 
namespace
{
static const rclcpp::Logger LOGGER = rclcpp::get_logger("moveit.pilz_industrial_motion_planner.trajectory_functions");
}
 
bool pilz_industrial_motion_planner::computePoseIK(const planning_scene::PlanningSceneConstPtr& scene,
                                                   const std::string& group_name, const std::string& link_name,
                                                   const Eigen::Isometry3d& pose, const std::string& frame_id,
                                                   const std::map<std::string, double>& seed,
                                                   std::map<std::string, double>& solution, bool check_self_collision,
                                                   const double timeout)
{
  const moveit::core::RobotModelConstPtr& robot_model = scene->getRobotModel();
  if (!robot_model->hasJointModelGroup(group_name))
  {
    RCLCPP_ERROR_STREAM(LOGGER, "Robot model has no planning group named as " << group_name);
    return false;
  }
 
  if (frame_id != robot_model->getModelFrame())
  {
    RCLCPP_ERROR_STREAM(LOGGER, "Given frame (" << frame_id << ") is unequal to model frame("
                                                << robot_model->getModelFrame() << ")");
    return false;
  }
 
  moveit::core::RobotState rstate{ scene->getCurrentState() };
  rstate.setVariablePositions(seed);
 
  moveit::core::GroupStateValidityCallbackFn ik_constraint_function;
  if (check_self_collision)
  {
    ik_constraint_function = [scene](moveit::core::RobotState* robot_state,
                                     const moveit::core::JointModelGroup* joint_group,
                                     const double* joint_group_variable_values) {
      return pilz_industrial_motion_planner::isStateColliding(scene, robot_state, joint_group,
                                                              joint_group_variable_values);
    };
  }
 
  // call ik
  const moveit::core::JointModelGroup* jmg = robot_model->getJointModelGroup(group_name);
  if (rstate.setFromIK(jmg, pose, link_name, timeout, ik_constraint_function))
  {
    // copy the solution
    for (const auto& joint_name : jmg->getActiveJointModelNames())
    {
      solution[joint_name] = rstate.getVariablePosition(joint_name);
    }
    return true;
  }
  else
  {
    RCLCPP_ERROR(LOGGER, "Unable to find IK solution.");
    // TODO(henning): Re-enable logging error
    // RCLCPP_ERROR_STREAM(LOGGER, "Inverse kinematics for pose \n" << pose.translation() << " has no solution.");
    return false;
  }
}
 
bool pilz_industrial_motion_planner::computePoseIK(const planning_scene::PlanningSceneConstPtr& scene,
                                                   const std::string& group_name, const std::string& link_name,
                                                   const geometry_msgs::msg::Pose& pose, const std::string& frame_id,
                                                   const std::map<std::string, double>& seed,
                                                   std::map<std::string, double>& solution, bool check_self_collision,
                                                   const double timeout)
{
  Eigen::Isometry3d pose_eigen;
  tf2::convert<geometry_msgs::msg::Pose, Eigen::Isometry3d>(pose, pose_eigen);
  return computePoseIK(scene, group_name, link_name, pose_eigen, frame_id, seed, solution, check_self_collision,
                       timeout);
}
 
bool pilz_industrial_motion_planner::computeLinkFK(moveit::core::RobotState& robot_state, const std::string& link_name,
                                                   const std::map<std::string, double>& joint_state,
                                                   Eigen::Isometry3d& pose)
{
  // check the reference frame of the target pose
  if (!robot_state.knowsFrameTransform(link_name))
  {
    RCLCPP_ERROR_STREAM(LOGGER, "The target link " << link_name << " is not known by robot.");
    return false;
  }
 
  robot_state.setVariablePositions(joint_state);
 
  // update the frame
  robot_state.update();
  pose = robot_state.getFrameTransform(link_name);
 
  return true;
}
 
bool pilz_industrial_motion_planner::verifySampleJointLimits(
    const std::map<std::string, double>& position_last, const std::map<std::string, double>& velocity_last,
    const std::map<std::string, double>& position_current, double duration_last, double duration_current,
    const pilz_industrial_motion_planner::JointLimitsContainer& joint_limits)
{
  const double epsilon = 10e-6;
  if (duration_current <= epsilon)
  {
    RCLCPP_ERROR(LOGGER, "Sample duration too small, cannot compute the velocity");
    return false;
  }
 
  double velocity_current, acceleration_current;
 
  for (const auto& pos : position_current)
  {
    velocity_current = (pos.second - position_last.at(pos.first)) / duration_current;
 
    if (!joint_limits.verifyVelocityLimit(pos.first, velocity_current))
    {
      RCLCPP_ERROR_STREAM(LOGGER, "Joint velocity limit of "
                                      << pos.first << " violated. Set the velocity scaling factor lower!"
                                      << " Actual joint velocity is " << velocity_current << ", while the limit is "
                                      << joint_limits.getLimit(pos.first).max_velocity << ". ");
      return false;
    }
 
    acceleration_current = (velocity_current - velocity_last.at(pos.first)) / (duration_last + duration_current) * 2;
    // acceleration case
    if (fabs(velocity_last.at(pos.first)) <= fabs(velocity_current))
    {
      if (joint_limits.getLimit(pos.first).has_acceleration_limits &&
          fabs(acceleration_current) > fabs(joint_limits.getLimit(pos.first).max_acceleration))
      {
        RCLCPP_ERROR_STREAM(LOGGER, "Joint acceleration limit of "
                                        << pos.first << " violated. Set the acceleration scaling factor lower!"
                                        << " Actual joint acceleration is " << acceleration_current
                                        << ", while the limit is " << joint_limits.getLimit(pos.first).max_acceleration
                                        << ". ");
        return false;
      }
    }
    // deceleration case
    else
    {
      if (joint_limits.getLimit(pos.first).has_deceleration_limits &&
          fabs(acceleration_current) > fabs(joint_limits.getLimit(pos.first).max_deceleration))
      {
        RCLCPP_ERROR_STREAM(LOGGER, "Joint deceleration limit of "
                                        << pos.first << " violated. Set the acceleration scaling factor lower!"
                                        << " Actual joint deceleration is " << acceleration_current
                                        << ", while the limit is " << joint_limits.getLimit(pos.first).max_deceleration
                                        << ". ");
        return false;
      }
    }
  }
 
  return true;
}
 
bool pilz_industrial_motion_planner::generateJointTrajectory(
    const planning_scene::PlanningSceneConstPtr& scene,
    const pilz_industrial_motion_planner::JointLimitsContainer& joint_limits, const KDL::Trajectory& trajectory,
    const std::string& group_name, const std::string& link_name,
    const std::map<std::string, double>& initial_joint_position, const double& sampling_time,
    trajectory_msgs::msg::JointTrajectory& joint_trajectory, moveit_msgs::msg::MoveItErrorCodes& error_code,
    bool check_self_collision)
{
  RCLCPP_DEBUG(LOGGER, "Generate joint trajectory from a Cartesian trajectory.");
 
  const moveit::core::RobotModelConstPtr& robot_model = scene->getRobotModel();
  rclcpp::Clock clock;
  rclcpp::Time generation_begin = clock.now();
 
  // generate the time samples
  const double epsilon = 10e-06;  // avoid adding the last time sample twice
  std::vector<double> time_samples;
  for (double t_sample = 0.0; t_sample < trajectory.Duration() - epsilon; t_sample += sampling_time)
  {
    time_samples.push_back(t_sample);
  }
  time_samples.push_back(trajectory.Duration());
 
  // sample the trajectory and solve the inverse kinematics
  Eigen::Isometry3d pose_sample;
  std::map<std::string, double> ik_solution_last, ik_solution, joint_velocity_last;
  ik_solution_last = initial_joint_position;
  for (const auto& item : ik_solution_last)
  {
    joint_velocity_last[item.first] = 0.0;
  }
 
  for (std::vector<double>::const_iterator time_iter = time_samples.begin(); time_iter != time_samples.end();
       ++time_iter)
  {
    tf2::transformKDLToEigen(trajectory.Pos(*time_iter), pose_sample);
 
    if (!computePoseIK(scene, group_name, link_name, pose_sample, robot_model->getModelFrame(), ik_solution_last,
                       ik_solution, check_self_collision))
    {
      RCLCPP_ERROR(LOGGER, "Failed to compute inverse kinematics solution for sampled Cartesian pose.");
      error_code.val = moveit_msgs::msg::MoveItErrorCodes::NO_IK_SOLUTION;
      joint_trajectory.points.clear();
      return false;
    }
 
    // check the joint limits
    double duration_current_sample = sampling_time;
    // last interval can be shorter than the sampling time
    if (time_iter == (time_samples.end() - 1) && time_samples.size() > 1)
    {
      duration_current_sample = *time_iter - *(time_iter - 1);
    }
    if (time_samples.size() == 1)
    {
      duration_current_sample = *time_iter;
    }
 
    // skip the first sample with zero time from start for limits checking
    if (time_iter != time_samples.begin() &&
        !verifySampleJointLimits(ik_solution_last, joint_velocity_last, ik_solution, sampling_time,
                                 duration_current_sample, joint_limits))
    {
      RCLCPP_ERROR_STREAM(LOGGER, "Inverse kinematics solution at "
                                      << *time_iter
                                      << "s violates the joint velocity/acceleration/deceleration limits.");
      error_code.val = moveit_msgs::msg::MoveItErrorCodes::PLANNING_FAILED;
      joint_trajectory.points.clear();
      return false;
    }
 
    // fill the point with joint values
    trajectory_msgs::msg::JointTrajectoryPoint point;
 
    // set joint names
    joint_trajectory.joint_names.clear();
    for (const auto& start_joint : initial_joint_position)
    {
      joint_trajectory.joint_names.push_back(start_joint.first);
    }
 
    point.time_from_start = rclcpp::Duration::from_seconds(*time_iter);
    for (const auto& joint_name : joint_trajectory.joint_names)
    {
      point.positions.push_back(ik_solution.at(joint_name));
 
      if (time_iter != time_samples.begin() && time_iter != time_samples.end() - 1)
      {
        double joint_velocity =
            (ik_solution.at(joint_name) - ik_solution_last.at(joint_name)) / duration_current_sample;
        point.velocities.push_back(joint_velocity);
        point.accelerations.push_back((joint_velocity - joint_velocity_last.at(joint_name)) /
                                      (duration_current_sample + sampling_time) * 2);
        joint_velocity_last[joint_name] = joint_velocity;
      }
      else
      {
        point.velocities.push_back(0.);
        point.accelerations.push_back(0.);
        joint_velocity_last[joint_name] = 0.;
      }
    }
 
    // update joint trajectory
    joint_trajectory.points.push_back(point);
    ik_solution_last = ik_solution;
  }
 
  error_code.val = moveit_msgs::msg::MoveItErrorCodes::SUCCESS;
  double duration_ms = (clock.now() - generation_begin).seconds() * 1000;
  RCLCPP_DEBUG_STREAM(LOGGER, "Generate trajectory (N-Points: "
                                  << joint_trajectory.points.size() << ") took " << duration_ms << " ms | "
                                  << duration_ms / joint_trajectory.points.size() << " ms per Point");
 
  return true;
}
 
bool pilz_industrial_motion_planner::generateJointTrajectory(
    const planning_scene::PlanningSceneConstPtr& scene,
    const pilz_industrial_motion_planner::JointLimitsContainer& joint_limits,
    const pilz_industrial_motion_planner::CartesianTrajectory& trajectory, const std::string& group_name,
    const std::string& link_name, const std::map<std::string, double>& initial_joint_position,
    const std::map<std::string, double>& initial_joint_velocity,
    trajectory_msgs::msg::JointTrajectory& joint_trajectory, moveit_msgs::msg::MoveItErrorCodes& error_code,
    bool check_self_collision)
{
  RCLCPP_DEBUG(LOGGER, "Generate joint trajectory from a Cartesian trajectory.");
 
  const moveit::core::RobotModelConstPtr& robot_model = scene->getRobotModel();
  rclcpp::Clock clock;
  rclcpp::Time generation_begin = clock.now();
 
  std::map<std::string, double> ik_solution_last = initial_joint_position;
  std::map<std::string, double> joint_velocity_last = initial_joint_velocity;
  double duration_last = 0;
  double duration_current = 0;
  joint_trajectory.joint_names.clear();
  for (const auto& joint_position : ik_solution_last)
  {
    joint_trajectory.joint_names.push_back(joint_position.first);
  }
  std::map<std::string, double> ik_solution;
  for (size_t i = 0; i < trajectory.points.size(); ++i)
  {
    // compute inverse kinematics
    if (!computePoseIK(scene, group_name, link_name, trajectory.points.at(i).pose, robot_model->getModelFrame(),
                       ik_solution_last, ik_solution, check_self_collision))
    {
      RCLCPP_ERROR(LOGGER, "Failed to compute inverse kinematics solution for sampled "
                           "Cartesian pose.");
      error_code.val = moveit_msgs::msg::MoveItErrorCodes::NO_IK_SOLUTION;
      joint_trajectory.points.clear();
      return false;
    }
 
    // verify the joint limits
    if (i == 0)
    {
      duration_current = trajectory.points.front().time_from_start.seconds();
      duration_last = duration_current;
    }
    else
    {
      duration_current =
          trajectory.points.at(i).time_from_start.seconds() - trajectory.points.at(i - 1).time_from_start.seconds();
    }
 
    if (!verifySampleJointLimits(ik_solution_last, joint_velocity_last, ik_solution, duration_last, duration_current,
                                 joint_limits))
    {
      // LCOV_EXCL_START since the same code was captured in a test in the other
      // overload generateJointTrajectory(...,
      // KDL::Trajectory, ...)
      // TODO: refactor to avoid code duplication.
      RCLCPP_ERROR_STREAM(LOGGER, "Inverse kinematics solution of the "
                                      << i
                                      << "th sample violates the joint "
                                         "velocity/acceleration/deceleration limits.");
      error_code.val = moveit_msgs::msg::MoveItErrorCodes::PLANNING_FAILED;
      joint_trajectory.points.clear();
      return false;
      // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
    }
 
    // compute the waypoint
    trajectory_msgs::msg::JointTrajectoryPoint waypoint_joint;
    waypoint_joint.time_from_start = trajectory.points.at(i).time_from_start;
    for (const auto& joint_name : joint_trajectory.joint_names)
    {
      waypoint_joint.positions.push_back(ik_solution.at(joint_name));
      double joint_velocity = (ik_solution.at(joint_name) - ik_solution_last.at(joint_name)) / duration_current;
      waypoint_joint.velocities.push_back(joint_velocity);
      waypoint_joint.accelerations.push_back((joint_velocity - joint_velocity_last.at(joint_name)) /
                                             (duration_current + duration_last) * 2);
      // update the joint velocity
      joint_velocity_last[joint_name] = joint_velocity;
    }
 
    // update joint trajectory
    joint_trajectory.points.push_back(waypoint_joint);
    ik_solution_last = ik_solution;
    duration_last = duration_current;
  }
 
  error_code.val = moveit_msgs::msg::MoveItErrorCodes::SUCCESS;
 
  double duration_ms = (clock.now() - generation_begin).seconds() * 1000;
  RCLCPP_DEBUG_STREAM(LOGGER, "Generate trajectory (N-Points: "
                                  << joint_trajectory.points.size() << ") took " << duration_ms << " ms | "
                                  << duration_ms / joint_trajectory.points.size() << " ms per Point");
 
  return true;
}
 
bool pilz_industrial_motion_planner::determineAndCheckSamplingTime(
    const robot_trajectory::RobotTrajectoryPtr& first_trajectory,
    const robot_trajectory::RobotTrajectoryPtr& second_trajectory, double epsilon, double& sampling_time)
{
  // The last sample is ignored because it is allowed to violate the sampling
  // time.
  std::size_t n1 = first_trajectory->getWayPointCount() - 1;
  std::size_t n2 = second_trajectory->getWayPointCount() - 1;
  if ((n1 < 2) && (n2 < 2))
  {
    RCLCPP_ERROR_STREAM(LOGGER, "Both trajectories do not have enough points to determine sampling time.");
    return false;
  }
 
  if (n1 >= 2)
  {
    sampling_time = first_trajectory->getWayPointDurationFromPrevious(1);
  }
  else
  {
    sampling_time = second_trajectory->getWayPointDurationFromPrevious(1);
  }
 
  for (std::size_t i = 1; i < std::max(n1, n2); ++i)
  {
    if (i < n1)
    {
      if (fabs(sampling_time - first_trajectory->getWayPointDurationFromPrevious(i)) > epsilon)
      {
        RCLCPP_ERROR_STREAM(LOGGER, "First trajectory violates sampline time " << sampling_time << " between points "
                                                                               << (i - 1) << "and " << i
                                                                               << " (indices).");
        return false;
      }
    }
 
    if (i < n2)
    {
      if (fabs(sampling_time - second_trajectory->getWayPointDurationFromPrevious(i)) > epsilon)
      {
        RCLCPP_ERROR_STREAM(LOGGER, "Second trajectory violates sampline time " << sampling_time << " between points "
                                                                                << (i - 1) << "and " << i
                                                                                << " (indices).");
        return false;
      }
    }
  }
 
  return true;
}
 
bool pilz_industrial_motion_planner::isRobotStateEqual(const moveit::core::RobotState& state1,
                                                       const moveit::core::RobotState& state2,
                                                       const std::string& joint_group_name, double epsilon)
{
  Eigen::VectorXd joint_position_1, joint_position_2;
 
  state1.copyJointGroupPositions(joint_group_name, joint_position_1);
  state2.copyJointGroupPositions(joint_group_name, joint_position_2);
 
  if ((joint_position_1 - joint_position_2).norm() > epsilon)
  {
    RCLCPP_DEBUG_STREAM(LOGGER, "Joint positions of the two states are different. state1: "
                                    << joint_position_1 << " state2: " << joint_position_2);
    return false;
  }
 
  Eigen::VectorXd joint_velocity_1, joint_velocity_2;
 
  state1.copyJointGroupVelocities(joint_group_name, joint_velocity_1);
  state2.copyJointGroupVelocities(joint_group_name, joint_velocity_2);
 
  if ((joint_velocity_1 - joint_velocity_2).norm() > epsilon)
  {
    RCLCPP_DEBUG_STREAM(LOGGER, "Joint velocities of the two states are different. state1: "
                                    << joint_velocity_1 << " state2: " << joint_velocity_2);
    return false;
  }
 
  Eigen::VectorXd joint_acc_1, joint_acc_2;
 
  state1.copyJointGroupAccelerations(joint_group_name, joint_acc_1);
  state2.copyJointGroupAccelerations(joint_group_name, joint_acc_2);
 
  if ((joint_acc_1 - joint_acc_2).norm() > epsilon)
  {
    RCLCPP_DEBUG_STREAM(LOGGER, "Joint accelerations of the two states are different. state1: "
                                    << joint_acc_1 << " state2: " << joint_acc_2);
    return false;
  }
 
  return true;
}
 
bool pilz_industrial_motion_planner::isRobotStateStationary(const moveit::core::RobotState& state,
                                                            const std::string& group, double EPSILON)
{
  Eigen::VectorXd joint_variable;
  state.copyJointGroupVelocities(group, joint_variable);
  if (joint_variable.norm() > EPSILON)
  {
    RCLCPP_DEBUG(LOGGER, "Joint velocities are not zero.");
    return false;
  }
  state.copyJointGroupAccelerations(group, joint_variable);
  if (joint_variable.norm() > EPSILON)
  {
    RCLCPP_DEBUG(LOGGER, "Joint accelerations are not zero.");
    return false;
  }
  return true;
}
 
bool pilz_industrial_motion_planner::linearSearchIntersectionPoint(const std::string& link_name,
                                                                   const Eigen::Vector3d& center_position,
                                                                   const double& r,
                                                                   const robot_trajectory::RobotTrajectoryPtr& traj,
                                                                   bool inverseOrder, std::size_t& index)
{
  RCLCPP_DEBUG(LOGGER, "Start linear search for intersection point.");
 
  const size_t waypoint_num = traj->getWayPointCount();
 
  if (inverseOrder)
  {
    for (size_t i = waypoint_num - 1; i > 0; --i)
    {
      if (intersectionFound(center_position, traj->getWayPointPtr(i)->getFrameTransform(link_name).translation(),
                            traj->getWayPointPtr(i - 1)->getFrameTransform(link_name).translation(), r))
      {
        index = i;
        return true;
      }
    }
  }
  else
  {
    for (size_t i = 0; i < waypoint_num - 1; ++i)
    {
      if (intersectionFound(center_position, traj->getWayPointPtr(i)->getFrameTransform(link_name).translation(),
                            traj->getWayPointPtr(i + 1)->getFrameTransform(link_name).translation(), r))
      {
        index = i;
        return true;
      }
    }
  }
 
  return false;
}
 
bool pilz_industrial_motion_planner::intersectionFound(const Eigen::Vector3d& p_center,
                                                       const Eigen::Vector3d& p_current, const Eigen::Vector3d& p_next,
                                                       const double& r)
{
  return ((p_current - p_center).norm() <= r) && ((p_next - p_center).norm() >= r);
}
 
bool pilz_industrial_motion_planner::isStateColliding(const planning_scene::PlanningSceneConstPtr& scene,
                                                      moveit::core::RobotState* rstate,
                                                      const moveit::core::JointModelGroup* const group,
                                                      const double* const ik_solution)
{
  rstate->setJointGroupPositions(group, ik_solution);
  rstate->update();
  collision_detection::CollisionRequest collision_req;
  collision_req.group_name = group->getName();
  collision_req.verbose = true;
  collision_detection::CollisionResult collision_res;
  scene->checkSelfCollision(collision_req, collision_res, *rstate);
  return !collision_res.collision;
}
 
void normalizeQuaternion(geometry_msgs::msg::Quaternion& quat)
{
  tf2::Quaternion q;
  tf2::convert<geometry_msgs::msg::Quaternion, tf2::Quaternion>(quat, q);
  quat = tf2::toMsg(q.normalized());
}
 
Eigen::Isometry3d getConstraintPose(const geometry_msgs::msg::Point& position,
                                    const geometry_msgs::msg::Quaternion& orientation,
                                    const geometry_msgs::msg::Vector3& offset)
{
  Eigen::Quaterniond quat;
  tf2::fromMsg(orientation, quat);
  quat.normalize();
  Eigen::Vector3d v;
  tf2::fromMsg(position, v);
 
  Eigen::Isometry3d pose = Eigen::Translation3d(v) * quat;
 
  tf2::fromMsg(offset, v);
  pose.translation() -= quat * v;
  return pose;
}
 
Eigen::Isometry3d getConstraintPose(const moveit_msgs::msg::Constraints& goal)
{
  return getConstraintPose(goal.position_constraints.front().constraint_region.primitive_poses.front().position,
                           goal.orientation_constraints.front().orientation,
                           goal.position_constraints.front().target_point_offset);
}